Occurrence of gastric ulcers and serum gastrin levels in jumping horses / Ocorrência de úlceras gástricas e níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EGUS and to quantify serum gastrin levels in jumping horses during competition season and interseason period. Forty jumping horses, competing at high level were randomly allocated into two groups, the Training Group: twenty jumping horses undergoing intense training and participating in competitions, and the Rest Group: twenty jumping horses in the interseason (resting period). The gastroscopic examinations and blood samples of the horses in the training group were performed 1-2 days following the competition while in the horses of the rest group, following 4 weeks of rest. The serum gastrin levels were measured at two different times: pre-feeding and two hours after feeding the horses (postprandial) by ELISA kit. Gastric lesion score data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test (α= 0.05) and the mean gastrin values were compared between the groups and between the two moments by the paired tet tests, respectively (α= 0, 05). Squamous gastric ulcers were detected in 42.5% of all jumping horses examined independent of the period, competition season or interseason. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the Training Group with no difference between pre-feeding and postprandial values.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de EGUS e quantificar os níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo durante a época de competições e o período de férias. Quarenta cavalos de hipismo de alta performance foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos, grupo treinamento: vinte cavalos de hipismo submetidos a treinamento intenso e participando de competições, e grupo descanso: vinte cavalos de hipismo em férias (período de descanso). As avaliações gastroscópicas e as coletas de sangue dos cavalos em treinamento foram realizadas um ou dois dias após as competições, enquanto nos cavalos do grupo descanso foram realizadas após quatro semanas de repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram mensurados por kit de ELISA, em dois momentos: antes da alimentação e duas horas após. Os dados de escore das lesões gástricas foram comparados pela prova U de Mann-Whitney (α= 0,05) e os valores médios de gastrina foram comparados entre os grupos e entre os dois momentos pelos testes t e t pareado, respectivamente (α= 0,05). Foram encontradas úlceras gástricas em 42,5% de todos os cavalos examinados, independentemente do período de competições ou repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram significativamente maiores no grupo treinamento, sem diferença entre os períodos pré e pós-alimentação.(AU)

Ulcères gastriques et duodenaux à Cotonou: aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, endoscopiques et thérapeutiques

L'ulcère gastrique ou duodénal (UGD) est une affection plurifactorielle. Une prévalence de 16,6% en avait été rapportée en 2005 au Bénin. Le but de notre étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, endoscopiques et thérapeutiques des UGD observés de nos jours à Cotonou. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, transversale, descriptive et analytique. Elle a colligé du 1er octobre 2015 au 30 avril 2016, tous les sujets de plus de 15 ans ayant présenté un UGD à l'endoscopie dans les services des maladies digestives de l'hôpital de Zone de Mènontin et de l'hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Cotonou. Résultats : Sur 411 patients inclus, 30 avaient un UGD soit une prévalence de 7,3 %. Les ulcères duodénaux étaient observés chez des sujets jeunes avec un âge moyen de 38 ± 6,9 ans ; tandis que les ulcères gastriques étaient observés chez des sujets plus âgés avec un âge moyen de 58 ± 7 ans. La sex-ratio était de 2,8. Les épigastralgies étaient la principale manifestation présente dans 70% des cas. La localisation de l'ulcère était gastrique dans 36,7%, duodénale dans 53,3 %, double dans 10% des cas. Les principales causes étaient la consommation de médicaments gastro-toxiques et l'Helicobacter pylori. Les Inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons étaient prescrits dans tous les cas et l'éradication de l'Helicobacter pylori faite dans 94,7% des cas avec une évolution favorable à 2 mois de contrôle. Conclusion : la prévalence des UGD a diminué de plus de 50% en onze ans à Cotonou. L'amélioration du niveau d'hygiène et la sensibilisation contre l'automédication pourraient davantage contribuer à réduire cette prévalence

Caracterización de úlceras gástricas y duodenales / Characterization of gastric and duodenal ulcers

La úlcera péptica es una lesión en la mucosa gastrointestinal (estómago o duodeno) que se extiende más allá de la muscularis mucosae y que permanece como consecuencia de la actividad de la secreción ácida del jugo gástrico. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las úlceras gástricas y duodenales en pacientes que acudieron al servicio de videoendoscopías del Centro Médico Alta Tecnología Hernando Dionisio Amaya Benavides de Tucupita en Venezuela, en el periodo 2010-2013. Material y métodos: se realizó un studio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se revisaron 1972 expedientes de pacientes mayores de 15 años, procedentes de instituciones médicas de Barrio Adentro, estatales y privadas, que acudieron al servicio de videoendoscopía del Centro Médico de Alta Tecnología Hernando Dionisio Amaya Benavides de Tucupita, en el periodo 2010-2013. Se estudiaron variables demográficas y clínicas. Resultados: la morbilidad por úlceras pépticas resultó de 9,83%, diagnosticado en 105 pacientes, con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino en edades comprendidas entre 45 y 54 años. La principal procedencia en el caso de las úlceras gástricas es de los consultorios médicos populares (CMP), presente en 36 pacientes; en el caso de las duodenales, los procedentes de servicios estatales. La porción más afectada por úlceras gástricas en estómago fue el antro, con 110 úlceras diagnosticadas (94%) y en el duodeno, cara anterior del bulbo, con 51 úlceras de las registradas en esta porción (50%). Conclusiones: la úlcera gástrica es más frecuente que la duodenal, la epigastralgia constituyó el síntoma principal que motivó el estudio en los pacientes ulcerosos. La labor de enfermería contribuye a la realización efectiva en el servicio de videoendoscopía.

Peptic ulcer is an injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa (stomach and duodenum) extending beyond the muscularis mucosae and which remains as a result of the activity of acid secretion in the gastric juice. Objetive: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients who attended the service videoendoscopias Medical Center of High Technology Dionisio Hernando Amaya Benavides Tucupita in Venezuela, in the 2010 period features-2013. Material and methods: Came on descriptive cross-sectional study. 1972 records of patients older than 15 years, from Barrio Adentro medical institutions, state and private, who atttended the service of High Technology videoendoscopy Dionisio Hernando Amaya Benavides Tucupita in 2010-2013 Medical Center were reviewed. Demographic and clinical variables were studied. Results: Peptic ulcer morbidity was 9.83%, diagnosed in 105 patients, most often in men aged between 45 and 54 years. The main origin in the case of gastric ulcers is popular medical practices (CMP), present in 36 patients; in case of duodenal, those from government services. The most affected by gastric ulcers in stomach antrum portion was with 110 diahgnosticadas ulcers (94%) and in the duodenum, anterior bulb with 51 ulcers recorded in this portion (50%). Conclusions: Gastric ulcer is more frequent than duodenal, epigastric pain was the main symptom that motivated the study ulcer patients. The nursing work contributes to the effective realization of videoendoscopy service.

Sobre utilización de Inhibidores de la acidez gástrica en pacientes pediátricos / Overuse of acid-suppressive therapy in pediatric patients

Objetivos: Evaluar los patrones de prescripción deranitidina y omeprazol en pacientes pediátricos ingresados enun hospital de niños; la adecuación de dichas prescripcionesy los costos generados por prescripciones incorrectas.Pacientes y Métodos: estudio de utilización demedicamentos para observar pacientes ingresados en elHospital de Niños (Córdoba –Argentina) durante 1 mes.Resultados: Durante el mes de estudio ingresaron 680pacientes, de los cuales 415 (61%) recibieron inhibidoresde la acidez gástrica (IAG). De estos, 330 pacientes (79,5%)no presentaron factores de riesgo para desarrollar úlcerapor estrés, y en 293 pacientes (70,6%) las indicacionesse consideraron incorrectas. Sólo 81 pacientes (19,5%)presentaron indicaciones y dosis correctas de IAG. Seencontró una relación de la prescripción con el ingreso aquirófano y con el uso concomitante de corticoides a dosisbajas. El consumo innecesario de IAG generó un gasto directomensual de US$ 470,42

Objectives: To evaluate prescription patterns of intravenous ranitidine and omeprazolein pediatric patients hospitalized in a children’s hospital, the adequacy of said prescriptionsand the costs originated by incorrect prescriptions.Patients and Methods: A study of medication usage was designed to observe all patientshospitalized at Hospital de Niños (Córdoba- Argentina) during one month.Results: During the month of study 680 patients were hospitalized, 415 (61%) ofthem received acid-suppressive drugs (ASD). From these, 330 patients (79.5%) did notshow risk factors to develop stress ulcer and indications were considered incorrect in 293patients (70.6%). Only 81 patients (19.5%) showed correct indications and doses of ASD.A relationship was found between prescription and access to the operating room alongwith the concomitant use of corticoid in low doses. The unnecessary consumption of ASDgenerated a direct monthly expenditure of USD 470.42

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children in southern Iran.

Objective. To find out whether the causes of upper GI bleeding in our center in a developing country differed from developed countries. Methods. Children presenting to our center with upper GI bleeding from March 2002 to March 2007, were retrospectively evaluated. Informations were retrieved from patient’s history and physical examination and results of upper GI endoscopy regarding etiology of bleeding, managements, use of medications which might predispose patient to bleeding, and the mortality rate. Results. From 118 children (67 boys; with age of 7.7±4.7 yrs) who underwent upper GI endoscopies, 50% presented with hematemesis, 14% had melena and 36% had both. The most common causes of upper GI bleeding among all patients were gastric erosions (28%), esophageal varices (16%), duodenal erosions (10%), gastric ulcer (8.5%), Mallory Weiss syndrome tear (7.8%), duodenal ulcer (6.8%), esophagitis (1.7%) and duodenal ulcer with gastric ulcer (0.8%). The causes of bleeding could not be ascertained in 20.5% of cases. No significant pre-medication or procedure related complications were observed. Endoscopic therapy was performed in 13.5% of patients. In 14.4% of patients, there was a history of consumption of medications predisposing them to upper GI bleeding. Two deaths occurred (1.7%) too. Conclusion. The findings in the present study showed that half of upper GI bleedings in pediatric patients from south of Iran, were due to gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers. This study concludes that the causes of upper GI bleeding in children in our center of a developing country, are not different from those in developed ones.

Incidence, types and complications of chronic gastric ulcer [a change in the indications of surgery]

Peptic ulcers are defects in the gastrointestinal mucosa that extend through the muscularis mucosae. They persist as a function of the acid or peptic activity in gastric juice. The natural history of peptic ulcer ranges from resolution without intervention to the development of complications with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, such as bleeding and perforation. Reviewing the incidence, types, complications and surgical indications for chronic gastric ulcer in Iraq and comparing it with other world reports. Retrospective study of the data base for 5166 patients with chronic peptic ulcer disease operated upon between 1965-2000. The incidence of chronic gastric ulcer, their age, sex, race, clinical presentation, diagnosis, types, size of ulcers and the indications of surgery during the period 1965-1980 [Group A] and 1981-2000 [Group B] were reviewed. Among the 5166 patients with peptic ulcer disease, 111 [2.15%] had chronic gastric ulcer.86 [77.5%] were male and 25 [22.5%] were females. 97 [87%] were Arabs and 14 [12.6%] were Kurds, a ratio: 8.1/1. Age ranges [mean] 19-79 [53.9] years. Duration of illness ranges [mean] 6 months to 9 years [4.2 years]. 68.5% of patients were among the low socioeconomic classes. 77.9% of males were smokers. Barium study showed the ulcer in the 89 patients examined. Malignancy was excluded by endoscopy and biopsy in 91 and frozen section biopsy during surgery in 49 patients. Types of ulcer were; Type I: 47 [42.3%], Type II: 44 [39.6%], Type III: 14 [12.6%] and Type IV 6 [5.4%] patients. The Size of ulcers was; < 2 cm 23 [20.7%], 2-4 cm 57 [51.4%] and > 4 cm 31 [27.9%] patients. Indications for surgery in Group A [67 patients] versus Group B [44 patients] were; dyspepsia 51 [67.1%] v 11 [25%], gastric outlet obstruction 9 [13.4%] v 18 [40.9%], bleeding 6 [9%] v 13 [29.5%] and perforation one [1.5%] v 2 [4.5%] patients. Surgical procedures were; vagotomy and drainage in 77 [69.4%] and B-I partial gastrectomy in 34 [30.6%] patients. 2 [1.8%] died post-operatively, 11 lost to follow after 6-9 months and 98 patients were followed for 5-32 years. Evidence of recurrent stomal ulcer in one patient. The incidence of chronic gastric ulcer in Iraq is low compared to chronic DU a ratio 1/45.5. Mean age 53.9 years. Male/female: 3.4/1 .Arabs/Kurds: 6.9/1. Coexistence of chronic duodenal ulcer with chronic gastric ulcer was 39.6%. The indications for surgery during the period 1965-1980 versus the period 1981-2000 were; elective in 51 [76%] v 11 [25%] and urgent or emergency in 16 [24%] v 33 [75%] patients. Operations were; vagotomy and drainage in 69.4% and resection in 30.6% of patients

Study on the prevalence of gastric ulcer diagnosis in the Caspian miniature horse by endoscopy

The aim of the present study was to determination the prevalence of gastric ulcer in Caspian miniature horse. The design Field- laboratorial study on 23 Caspian miniature horses. Feed withdraw 12-16 hours before study and the owners or riders completed a form about housing, medication, age, sex, cell boold counts and the biochemical profile tests were carried out. Endoscope performed through the nostrils into the stomach for a systematic examination. Findings of endoscopy were analyzed by chi-squire test. Moreover, mean valus of the laboratorial values between horses with or without gastric ulcer were compared by T- test. Gastric ulcer was evident in 47. 82% of cases. However, 81. 9% and 18.1% of ulcers were in nonglandular and glandular regions of the stomach respectively. There was significant differences between glandular and nonglandular ulcers [p < 0.01] and between genders [The females had higher incidence of gastric ulcer than males][p < 0. 05]. Low incidence of gastric lesions were seen in horses which received antihelmentic drugs. Moreover, horses with history of long-term treatment with NSAID, had significantly higher incidence of gastric ulcer in the glandular region [p < 0.05]. The occurrence of gastric ulcer was associated with over exercise [p < 0.05]. There was no significant differences between serum Ca, Na, K, P, Mg and total protein levels in horses with or without ulcer. However horses suffered from gastric ulcer, showed a high serum levels of fibrinogen[p < 0.05]

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the occurrence of gastric lesions among patients undergoing upper endoscopy in a university hospital in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in Brazil in spite of the known risks associated with their use, but investigation of their side effects conducted in this country has been far from sufficient. This study investigates the use of NSAIDs among patients undergoing upper endoscopy in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and the association of this use with the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric erosions, gastric erosions with hematin pigmentation, and gastric ulcer. METHODS: The cross-sectional methodological approach was used; 533 patients aged 17 or older were interviewed, between June and December, 2000. Data were submitted to bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: More than two thirds of the interviewed population reported the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a period of 1 month before the upper endoscopy. The most used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were acetylsalicylic acid and diclofenac. An association was clearly shown between the use of these drugs and the occurrence of the studied lesions, with the latter attaining significance. There was also a significant association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use for a period greater than 15 days and the occurrence of the gastric lesions, with a higher odds ratio than for the other comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a significant association with the occurrence of the gastric lesions and point to the need of further study of this issue in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil são bastante evidentes os riscos associados ao uso de medicamentos. No entanto, tal questão não é devidamente privilegiada no campo da investigação científica. O presente estudo se refere ao uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides, fármacos amplamente utilizados no país. O objetivo foi investigar o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides entre pacientes submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e sua associação com a ocorrência de erosões gástricas, erosões gástricas com pigmento de hematina e úlcera gástrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em que 533 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 17 anos foram entrevistados no período de junho a dezembro de 2000. Os dados foram submetidos às análises bivariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Mais de dois terços da população entrevistada relatou o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides no período de um mês anterior à endoscopia digestiva alta. Os antiinflamatórios mais utilizados foram o ácido acetilsalicílico e o diclofenaco. Evidenciou-se uma associação positiva e significativa entre o uso desses fármacos e a ocorrência das lesões em questão. Ao se avaliar a associação entre o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides por um período superior a 15 dias e a ocorrência das lesões gástricas, esta foi positiva e significativa, apresentado odds ratio superiores àqueles apresentados para as associações anteriores. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que os antiinflamatórios não-esteróides têm uma associação significativa com a ocorrência de lesões gástricas e apontam para a necessidade de aprofundamento no estudo desta questão no Brasil.

Decrease in prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the Policlínico Peruano Japonés, Lima, Peru, between the years 1985 and 2002. Analysis of 31,446 patients / Disminución de la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico en el policlínico Peruano-Japonés, Lima, Perú

Aim: To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma in a population of middle and high socio-economic status in Lima, Peru, between 1985 and 2002. Materials and methods: The prevalence of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma was determined after studying by esophagogastroduodenoscopy 31,446 patients at the Policlínico Peruano Japonés (PPJ) between 1985 and 2002. All patients had chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms and had endoscopically proven diagnosis of active peptic ulcer or histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Results: Analysis of PPJ population identified a decrease in the prevalence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer from 3.15% and 5.05% respectively in 1985, to 1.62% and 2.00% respectively in 2002. Gastric adenocarcinoma prevalence also decreased from 3.19% in 1988 to 0.92% in 2002. The prevalences of gastric ulcer (OR=1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p<0.001), duodenal ulcer (OR=1.32, 95% IC 1.15- 1.51, p<0.001) and gastric adenocarcinoma (OR=1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p<0.001), decreased in the last eight years. Conclusions: Over the study period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the PoliclínicoPeruano Japonés, where patients from middle and high socio economic status are attended.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico, en una población de nivel socioeconómico medio y alto en Lima, Perú, entre los años 1985 y 2002. Material y métodos: Se determinó la prevalencia de la úlcera gastroduodenal y el adenocarcinoma gástrico, después de evaluar por esofagogastroduodenoscopía 31,446 pacientes en el Policlínico Peruano Japonés (PPJ) entre 1985 y 2002. Todos los pacientes presentaron síntomas crónicos del tracto gastrointestinal superior, y en ellos se realizó el diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera péptica activa e histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Resultados: Luego del análisis de la población estudiada se identificó una disminución de la prevalencia de úlcera gástrica y úlcera duodenal de 3,15% y 5,05% respectivamente en 1985, a 1.62% y 2.00% respectivamente en el año 2002. La prevalencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico también disminuyó de 3,19% en 1992 a 0,92% en el año 2002. Las prevalencias de ulcera gástrica (OR =1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p<0.001), úlcera duodenal (OR =1.32, 95% IC 1.15-1.51, p<0.001) y adenocarcinoma gástrico (OR =1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p<0.001), disminuyeron en los últimos 8 años cuando comparamos con los primeros años. Conclusiones: Durante este período de estudio se observó una significativa disminución de la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico en pacientes peruanos de nivel socio económico medio y alto que son atendidos en este nosocomio.

Duodenal Helicobacter pylori associated duodenal ulcer depend on gastric Helicobacter pylori status.

Gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. pylon) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer (DU), although not all H. pylori infected persons will develop disease. Duodenal H. pylori was supposed to be one of the factors related with DU. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H. pylori in the duodenum of patients with DU plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DU regarding the gastric H. pylori status. Furthermore, it was to determine the prevalence of duodenal H. pylori infection in Thailand. Ninety three patients were included in the study. They underwent gastroscopic evaluation for dyspeptic symptoms and none of them had previous H. pylori eradication therapy. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and two specimens were collected each form the antrum, midcorpus and duodenal bulb in order to diagnose H. pylori infection. The gold standard for H. pylori detection is a positive specimen culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the vac A gene or positive urease test plus H. pylori seen in the pathology. Ninety three dyspeptic patients (43 males and 50 females; mean age 48.2 years; range 22 to 79 years) were included in the study. Duodenal H. pylori was detected in 31/93 (33.33%) patients which included 15 (48.38%) patients with duodenal ulcer, 2 (6.45%) patients with gastric ulcer and 14 (45.16%) patients with NUD. Five of thirty one (16.21%) patients with duodenal H. pylori infection had negative gastric H. pylori. These five patients included 1 with DU, 1 with DU and 3 with NUD. Duodenal H. pylori was associated with DU dependent of the presence of gastric H. pylori (p<0.05) and there was no association between duodenal H. pylori with negative gastric H. pylori and duodenal ulcer (p>0.05). Duodenal H. pylori is associated with duodenal ulcer dependent on the presence of gastric H. pylori. These results suggest that transmission of gastric H. pylori to the duodenum was prerequisited for the formation of DU.

Clinical and endoscopic aspects in the evolution of patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Bleeding ulcers are a major problem in public health and represent approximately half of all the cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the United States. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of factors such as clinical history, laboratory and endoscopic findings in the occurrence of new episodes of bleeding in patients who have upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer. METHODS: A cohort study with 94 patients was designed to investigate prognostic factors to the occurrence of new episodes of bleeding. RESULTS: From the 94 patients studied, 88 did not present a new bleeding episode in the 7 days following hospital admission. The incidence of rebleeding was significantly higher in those patients with hemoglobin < 6 g/dL at the admission (P = 0.03, RR = 6.2). The localization of the ulcers in bulb was positively associated to rebleeding (P = 0.003). The rebleeding group needed a greater number of units transfunded (P = 0.03) and the time of hospitalization was longer than the time of the hemostasia group (P = 0.0349). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of patients with risk of death by bleeding peptic ulcer remains as a challenge, once few factors are capable of predicting the severity of the evolution. The identification of such factors will alow the choice of the better therapeutic conduct improving the diagnosis and decreasing the rate of rebleeding and the mortality

Prevención de Ulceras de Estrés en Unidades de Cuidado Crítico Quirúrgico / Prevention os Stress Ulceration in Surgical Critical Care Units

La hemorragia digestiva superior es uno de los cuadros clínicos más frecuentes con diferentes grados de severidad en los pacientes críticos y en especial en aquellos que son sometidos a estrés agudo como quemaduras extensas, traumas severos, cirugía mayor e inclusión en Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo, entre otros. Se revisa la literatura acerca de los medios de prevención y se propone un esquema de manejo profiláctico con inicio temprano de vía oral con sucralfato cuando ésta se encuentra disponible o con antagonistas H2 cuando no se logre adecuarla

Infecçäo gástrica por helicobacter pylori em pacientes sintomáticos da Ilha de Säo Luís, MA: correlaçäo endoscópica, anatomopatológica e microbiológica / Helicobacter pylory gastric infection in symptomatic patients from Säo Luís Island, MA: endoscopy, anatomicopathologic and microbiological correlations

Com critérios previamente definidos de inclusao e prévio consentimento, 26 pacientes consecutivos (19 a 64 anos), com queixas referentes ao aparelho digestivo superior, foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva, com biópsia, constando de 8 fragmentos da regiao antro-pilórica (4 da parede anterior e 4 da posterior). Dois fragmentos destinados à cultura; dois a teste da urease livre; dois para esfregaço corado, todos colhidos em meio de transporte adequado sob refrigeraçao; dois fragmentos foram imersos em formalina a 10 por cento para exame histopatológico. Dos 26 pacientes, 25 (96 por cento) apresentaram infecçao pelo Helicobacter pylori por um ou mais dos métodos empregados. Em 16 (61 por cento), dos 26, foram observadas alteraçoes pela endoscopia (gastrite em 11, úlcera péptica em dois e cicatriz de úlcera em três casos). Dos pacientes com gastrite endoscópica, 10/11 (91 por cento) apresentaram-se positivos, bem como todos (100 por cento) os portadores de cicatriz ou úlcera péptica. Foi observada estreita relaçao entre a presença de H. pylori e gastrite crônica em 24/25 (96 por cento). Corte histológico corado pela hematoxilina-eosina foi o teste de maior sensibilidade diagnóstica: 24/25 (96 por cento), seguido pelo teste de urease 23/25 (92 por cento), esfregaço corado 19/25 (76 por cento) e cultura 18/25 (72 por cento). Conclui-se que a prevalência de infecçao gástrica por H. pylori em portadores de sintomas é elevada, correlacionando-se com gastrite crônica e úlcera. Exame histológico corado pela hematoxilina-eosina e o teste da urease sao os mais sensíveis no diagnóstico da infecçao. Os estudos devem prosseguir para elucidaçao de mais questoes relacionadas à infecçao, incluindo-se grupo controle de sintomáticos, por sexo e idade.

Frecuencia de la úlcera péptica en el Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán"; Estudio de localización, factores asociados y tendencias temporales / Incidence of peptic ulcer at Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion, \"Salvador Zubiran\"

Objetivo. Conocer la frecuencia, tendencias y factores asociados de la úlcera péptica en nuestro Instituto. Antecedentes. La úlcera péptica es una enfermedad frecuente; aproximadamente 5-10 por ciento de la población puede desarrollarla a lo largo de la vida. Material y método. Revisamos 1,123 pacientes con diagnóstico de úlcera péptica en cinco años; analizamos: edad, género, hábitos (alcoholismo y tabaquismo) consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, localización anatómica y complicaciones. Para evaluar tendencias temporales, comparamos nuestros resultados con estudios previos realizados en nuestro Instituto. Resultados. La relación masculino-femenino fue 1:1, con una edad promedio de 52.2 años. Cuarenta por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron úlcera duodenal, 42 por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron úlcera duodenal, 42 por ciento úlcera gástrica y 19 por ciento úlcera esofágica, anastomótica y múltiple. La complicación más común fue la hemorragia, la cual ocurrió más frecuentemente en la úlcera gástrica (37 por ciento) que en la duodenal (24 por ciento) (P<0.005). La úlcera gástrica apareció en pacientes más viejos que los de la úlcera duodenal (P<0.02). El consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos fue más frecuente en pacientes con úlcera gástrica (14 por ciento) que en pacientes con úlcera duodenal (10 por ciento (P<0.04). La frecuencia de tabaquismo y alcoholismo fue más alta en los pacientes con úlcera múltiple. Conclusiones. En los últimos 30 años hemos observado en nuestro Instituto una tendencia a la disminución de la frecuencia de la úlcera duodenal y a un aumento de la úlcera gástrica. En el mismo periodo, la hemorragia ha sido la principal complicación, lo que sugiere una mayor referencia de pacientes con úlcera péptica complicada

Relación de los valores de hematocrito patológicos, hábitos y diagnóstico definitivo en pacientes con sangrado digestivo alto con antecedentes patológic

En este estudiose pretende determinar las relaciones existentes entre los valores de hematocrito y los antecedentes patológicos, hábitos y diagnóstico definitivo, en 79 pacientes diagnosticados de sangrado digestivo alto. Los datos clínicos y de laboratorio fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas correspondientes para su tabulaci{on y análisis. el 60.7 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron valores bajos de hematocrito. Los antecedentes patológicos personales que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en relación al hematocrito bajo fueron la enfermedad ácido-péptica (12.5 por ciento), el sangrado digestivo alto (10.4 por ciento) y ambos simultáneamente (6.2 por ciento). el 68.7 por ciento de los pacientes con hematocrito bajo no tuvieron antecedentes patológicos. Los hábitos que con mayor frecuencia se encontraron en relación con sangrado digestivo alto y decremento del hematocrito fueron alcoholismo (14.5 por ciento) el tabaquismo (6.2 por ciento) y ambos en asociación (16.6 por ciento). El 56.2 por ciento de los sujetos no presenntaron este tipo de hábitos. Los diagnósticos definitivos que con mayor frecuencia fueron causa de vlores bajos de hematocrito fueron las úlceras gastricas (31.2 por ciento), la gstritis aguda (27 por ciento) y la úlcera duodenal (8.3 por ciento). La asociación de tabaquismo y alcoholismo produjo un mayor porcentaje de pacientes con hematocrito bajo que ambos en forma aislada. La determinación del hematocrito debe ser considerada como un examen de rutina en los pacientes que acuden con cuadros de sangrado digestivo alto...

Ulceras gástricas gigantes / Giant gastric ulcers

A Ulcera gastrica gigante e uma lesao ulcerada do estomago, de diametro igual ou superior a 3cm. Neste trabalho, os autores apresentamsua experiencia clinico-cirurgica com 47 pacientes. Sao discutidos: incidencia,patogenia, evolucao e tratamento. Deste ultimo, destacam-se as dificuldades tecnicas encontradas para a mobilizacao da ulcera e a tecnica cirurgica utilizada, especialmente na ocorrencia de terebracao no pancreas. Dos pacientes, um evoluiu para o obito e outro com um abcesso que foi tratado por drenagem

Ulcera gástrica asintomática / Asymptomatic stomach ulcer

El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la frecuencia y algunas de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la úlcera gástrica asintomática en las personas que acudieron al Centro de Control de Cncer Gastrointestinal para la pesquisa masiva durante los años de 1979 a 1987. Estudiamos 350 pacientes con úlcera péptica activa diagnosticadas por endoscopia, de las cuales 176 eran duodenales y 174 gástricas. De los pacientes con úlcera gástrica 67 (38,5%) no referían síntomas. Este grupo de paciente asintomáaticos fue analizado precisando edad, sexo, procedencia, ocupación, así como la ubicación de la lesión ulcerosa y su histología. Concluímos que esta entidad constituye una patología frecuente en nuestro medio, que se asocia con las profisiones del campo y amas de casa y que resulta necesario continuar la evaluación prospectiva periódica de estos pacientes a fin de lograr definir la historia natural de esta enfermedad

Patologias do trato gastrointestinal relacionadas com o uso crônico do álcool / Pathologies of gastrointestinal tract related with chronic use of alcohol

Um estudo prospectivo de 30 pacientes alcoolistas com patologias do trato gastrointestinal foi realizado. Suas doenças eram decorrentes do abuso alcoólico e os pacientes estavam internados no Hospital Säo Lucas da PUCRS. Os dados concernentes as doenças que foram mais freqüentemente diagnosticadas, suas manifestaçöes clínicas, complicaçöes, média de tempo de internaçäo e custo previdenciário foram avaliados. As patologias que mais freqüentemente foram diagnosticadas no nosso estudo foram: Pancreatite (27%), Cirrose (20%) e Ulcera Gástrica (20%)